Edema – MCQs
Which of the following is characteristic finding in severe renal disease?A. Pedal edemaB. Sacral edemaC….
Vascular Function MCQs
Which of the following is CORRECT for a blood vessel as the vessels become smallerA….
Babesia
Maltese-cross form is a characteristic feature of which of the following parasite?A. Schistosoma mansoniB. Brugia malayiC….
Blast crisis
Blast crisis 1. Blast Crisis is Diagnoses when Blast count is -A. >10%B. > 20%C….
CRAB criteria
CRAB criteria is used for – A. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia B. Multiple Myeloma C.Renal Cell…
Medicine MCQs – 23
Most common finding in Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is -
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) - most common- hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinuria, and shortness of breath.
Other findings - thrombosis, renal insufficiency, and bone marrow failure.
All of the following are CORRECT about thrombosis in PNH patients EXCEPT -
Cerebral venous thrombosis is common
Cerebral venous system is the second most frequent location of thrombosis after hepatic veins.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4602837/
Which medicine dramatically alters the natural course of PNH, reducing symptoms and disease complications as well as improve survival?
Eculizumab- is a medication used to treat
- paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)
- atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS)
- generalized myasthenia gravis
- neuromyelitis optica
Eculizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody against the complement protein -
Eculizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody against the complement protein C5
Under normal circumstances, free hemoglobin released by hemolysis is removed by -
Clinical settings - Haptoglobin assay is used to screen for and monitor intravascular hemolytic anemia.
In intravascular hemolysis, free hemoglobin will be released into circulation and hence haptoglobin will bind the hemoglobin. This causes a decline in haptoglobin levels.
Which is the most common site for thrombosis in PNH patients?
Hepatic vein thrombosis (Budd-Chiari syndrome) is recognized as one of the most common sites of thrombosis
Hepatic failure is a common cause of mortality in PNH
Which of the following support a diagnosis of hemolysis?
Decrease in haptoglobin and Low Hb and Hematocrit support a diagnosis of hemolysis
All of the following are correct for Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria EXCEPT:
In PNH - Mutation of the X-linked gene phosphatidylinositol glycan class A (PIGA), produces a deficiency in the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) protein, which is responsible for anchoring other protein moieties to the surface of erythrocytes.
All of the following are useful in treatment of Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria as required EXCEPT:
Long-term glucocorticoids not useful and contraindicated
All of the following are correct about Eculizumab EXCEPT -
Meningococcal vaccination is recommended at least 2 weeks before receiving eculizumab
Ankle:Brachial Index
What is Ankle Brachial Index? ABI is a non-invasive tool for the assessment of vascular…
Gait disturbances
Gait disturbancesGaitCause Of GaitCause 1Antalgic Gaitpain2Vaulting gaitcommon in children with limb length discrepancypelvic droop, decreased…
“Cock-walk” gait and “horseshoe moustache” sign
MCQ “Cock-walk” gait and “horseshoe moustache” sign on MRI seen in- A. Hypermagnesemia B. Hypermanganesemia…
Adrenal Cortex
Where is adrenal cortex situated? adrenal cortex forms the outer three-quarters of the gland What…
Medicine MCQs-22
Metabolic acidosis is defined as a reduced serum pH, and an abnormal serum bicarbonate concentration of -
Metabolic acidosis is defined as a reduced serum pH, and an abnormal serum bicarbonate concentration of <22 mEq/L
Most common cause of a low anion gap is -
Low anion gap is often due to hypoalbuminemia.
Albumin is an anionic protein and its loss results in the retention of other negatively charged ions such as chloride and bicarbonate.
As bicarbonate and chloride anions are used to calculate the anion gap, there is a subsequent decrease.
What is the primary defect of type 1 renal tubular acidosis?
Primary defect of type 1 renal tubular acidosis -impairment in hydrogen ion secretion in the distal tubule
It is called as elevated anion gap when anion gap is -
elevated anion gap - when anion gap is >12 mEq/L
Which is the most common cause of metabolic acidosis in hospitalized patients?
Lactic acidosis is the most common cause of metabolic acidosis in hospitalized patients.
Salicylate poisoning causes typically -
Two of the most common and notable causes of increased anion gap metabolic acidosis -
High anion gap metabolic acidosis conditions include -
diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
salicylate poisoning
All of the following are the exogenous causes of hyperchloremic acidosis EXCEPT -
Exogenous causes of hyperchloremic acidosis -
Ammonium chloride supplement
Hydrochloric acid supplement
Large volume resuscitation with normal saline
What is the primary defect of type 2 renal tubular acidosis?
type 2 RTA - Proximal HCO3 - reabsorption
type 1 RTA - Diminished distal H+ secretion
Which of the following is the major cause of Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis?
Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis is a pathological state that results from bicarbonate loss, rather than acid production or retention.
Delta ratio is a formula that can be used to assess -
Delta ratio, or "delta-delta", is a formula that can be used to assess elevated anion gap metabolic acidosis
Auer rods
Which conditions are associated with Auer rods ? Also called – Auer bodies These are…
Mitral valve prolapse
What is Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)? MVP is a condition where there is usually a…
Medicine MCQs -21
All of the following are CORRECT about Dent's disease EXCEPT -
affects the proximal renal tubules
LMW proteinuria
Which is the most common type of kidney stone?
Calcium oxalate: The most common type of kidney stone which is created when calcium combines with oxalate in the urine.
Staghorn calculi is produced by which type renal stones?
Which stones are commonly caused by a urinary tract infection?
Struvite stones are virtually always caused by a urinary tract infection
Which kidney stones grow quickly to large size ?
Struvite stones - can grow very large quickly
All of the following are CORRECT about Randall's plaques EXCEPT -
Randall's plaques
Randall's plaques - are calcium phosphate deposits
form in the papillary interstitium
Tiopronin is used for prevention of which type kidney stones-
Cystine
Focus for cystine stone prevention is on increasing cystine solubility.
This goal may be achieved by treatment with medication that covalently binds to cystine (tiopronin and penicillamine
When there is a stone is in the lower part of the ureter the pain can radiate to -
stone lodges in the upper part of the ureter - pain may radiate anteriorly
if the stone is in the lower part of the ureter - pain can radiate to the ipsilateral testicle in men or ipsilateral labium in women.
What is the “gold standard” diagnostic test for Nephrolithiasis?
Nephrolithiasis - The “gold standard” diagnostic test is helical CT without contrast.
Which renal stones are called as infection stones?
Struvite stones, also known as infection stones or triplephosphate stones, form only when the upper urinary tract is infected
with urease-producing bacteria such as
Proteus mirabilis,
Klebsiella
pneumoniae,
Providencia species
Medicine MCQs -20
Vitamin-D overdose from UV exposure -
Vitamin-D overdose is impossible from UV exposure
Vitamin-D overdose is impossible from UV exposure: the skin reaches an equilibrium where the vitamin degrades as fast as it is created
Vascular angle of less than -------------- indicates severe ischaemia
vascular angle of less than 20 degrees indicates severe ischaemia
Primary erythromelalgia is caused by mutation of -
Primary erythromelalgia is caused by mutation of the voltage-gated sodium channel α-subunit gene SCN9A.
POEMS syndrome includes all of the following EXCEPT -
The name POEMS is an acronym for some of the disease's major signs and symptoms -
polyneuropathy
organomegaly
endocrinopathy
myeloma protein
skin changes
Anti-Müllerian hormone is -
AMH is a dimeric glycoprotein with a molar mass of 140 kDa
Vascular angle is the angle to which the leg has to be raised before it becomes pale, whilst lying down is called as -
vascular angle - also called Buerger's angle, is the angle to which the leg has to be raised before it becomes pale, whilst lying down.
Gissane angle, also known as the "critical angle of Gissane", is a measurement on lateral foot radiographs used to evaluate the severity of calcaneal fractures.
Böhler's angle is defined by two intersecting lines: one drawn from anterior process of the calcaneus to the highest part of posterior articular surface and a second drawn from the same point of posterior articular surface to the most superior point of tuberosity.
Meary's angle or the (lateral) talus-first metatarsal angle has been used to identify the apex of deformity in patients with pes cavus and pes planus on lateral weight-bearing foot radiographs.
Intrinsic factor -
Intrinsic factor - glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells
Tunnel vision can be caused by all of the following EXCEPT -
Retinitis pigmentosa
Glaucoma
Cystic fibrosis is associated with channel defect -
CFTR is complex protein found on the surface membrane of cells in a wide variety of tissues where it functions as a regulated chloride ion channel.
Which of the following is correct for people with a darker skin pigment and production of vitamin D
People with a darker skin pigment with increased amounts of melanin may have decreased production of vitamin D
Melanin absorbs ultraviolet B radiation from the sun and reduces vitamin D production
